A comprehensive new study conducted in New Zealand involving 23,500 participants has revealed that cannabis consumption may act as a substitute for more harmful substances, potentially decreasing the use of alcohol, opioids, and stimulants. This research adds to the ongoing global conversation about the potential impacts of marijuana, particularly in the context of legalization and harm reduction strategies.
Key Findings: Cannabis as a Substitution
The study found that 60% of participants reported using less alcohol after starting to use cannabis, while a similar percentage noted reduced use of synthetic cannabinoids. Additionally, 44% stated their morphine use decreased, and 40% said they consumed less methamphetamine. The data suggests that marijuana could play a role in reducing the frequency and quantity of these substances among certain user groups.
However, the impact of marijuana as a substitute varied depending on the substance and user demographics. For instance, nearly 70% reported that cannabis use did not affect their consumption of LSD, MDMA, or cocaine. Notably, 33% of those who used both cannabis and tobacco indicated they smoked fewer cigarettes, although 20% said cannabis use led to increased tobacco consumption.
Demographic Insights
The results highlighted that young adults (aged 21 to 35) were more inclined to report reduced alcohol and methamphetamine use due to marijuana. Conversely, urban dwellers and students were less likely to experience this substitution effect. Adolescents aged 16 to 20 had mixed outcomes, with some reporting increased use of other substances, while others saw a decrease or no change at all. Participants aged 21 to 25 consistently noted lower use of alcohol and other drugs, such as MDMA and methamphetamine.
Broader Implications
These findings contribute to a complex narrative regarding marijuana’s role in potentially mitigating the use of more harmful drugs. The study noted similar mixed outcomes in past research, such as U.S. college studies that observed reduced binge drinking among students aged 21 and over post-legalization, but no significant change among younger peers.
The report also referenced alcohol purchase trends in regions where marijuana is legal. For example, after the legalization of recreational cannabis, Colorado and Washington state saw declines in wine purchases, while Washington reported an increase in spirit purchases, and Oregon observed a decrease.
A Complex Relationship
While the study adds valuable insights, the authors emphasize that the relationship between cannabis and other substance use remains nuanced. The potential for marijuana to serve as a less risky alternative for certain drugs is evident, but the extent varies by user profile, geographic location, and legal context.